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good morning and welcome to the

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international space station flight

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control room we are here today with vic

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cooley who is the lead uh scientist for

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expedition 41 and 42. we just talked

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earlier this week with the lead

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scientist for the expedition that just

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ended so we're going to hear a little

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bit more now about what's coming up for

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expedition 41 over the next couple

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months

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just like all the other expeditions they

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have a plan of exactly what they're

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going to be researching and it includes

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a pretty wide variety including

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how human bodies respond to a weightless

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environment and physical science and

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material science and particle physics

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experiments all inside and outside of

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the station

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and then expedition 41 i think also

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features some new experiments in

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molecular molecular biology and genetics

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and

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one of them is even part of a new

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approach to station research so i think

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you're going to tell us all about all of

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that right yes i am brandi thanks so

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much for joining us i'm delighted to

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have this opportunity

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it one of the things i really enjoy

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doing in my job is describing and

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pointing out the synergy among the rich

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array of experiments we have in almost

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every area of science on the iss

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and when it comes to biological

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experiments most of them use model

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organisms

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species

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that at a molecular level have

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biological processes that are very

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similar to those in humans

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and sometimes it's unethical and it's

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always very expensive to do testing on

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humans so we use these model organisms

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to understand the biological processes

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in them with the expectation that

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that understanding will map into better

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understanding of those same biological

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processes in humans

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now when when i say biological processes

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and molecular pathways

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it turns out that molecular pathways are

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triggered by

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molecules on the surface of a cell

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usually on the outside surface but

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sometimes on the inside surface

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molecules then trigger complex chemistry

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reactions within the cell and those are

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the molecular pathways and signaling

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transduction pathways that scientists

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over the past few decades have begun to

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understand

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it's extremely complex but these are the

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kinds of

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chemical and biological processes that

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are at the very building block level and

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fundamental level of life in all forms

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in eukaryotic cells in animal and

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implant cells

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okay well so i guess that leads into

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on this particular expedition they're

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going to be doing some experiments on

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rodents right can you tell us a little

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bit about that and also about the the

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way it'll be done the habitat the

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rodents will live in certainly

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in 2011 the national research council

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recommended that nasa continue its long

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line of research into rodents as a model

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for muscle atrophy and bone

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demineralization

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there was a a suite of hardware known as

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the animal enclosure module and you can

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see some photos of that here

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yes uh well this is the the

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animal enclosure module system

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redesigned for the space station

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the animal enclosure module actually

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flew 27 times on the shuttle but it was

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only designed to support

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mice and rats for up to 19 days of

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course we need longer periods than that

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on the station and the upcoming

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experiment that's coming up uh houses

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rodents for up to 30 days

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so the hardware consists of three parts

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a transporter unit the the 20 mice will

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launch on the upcoming space flight

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which has just moved to the september

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20th is the launch date

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um those 20 mice will launch in the

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transporter unit unit aboard the spacex

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dragon capsule

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and

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habitat on the iss to which they will be

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transferred after they arrive

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are equipped with video and

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environmental control

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equipment to make sure that

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the occupants are comfortable and in in

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humane conditions uh at every phase of

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their uh both the trip up and

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while they're on the space station okay

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well that sounds like it should be very

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interesting

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um i know there are also going to be

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some experiments involving fish and

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frogs as well

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yes those are other uh model organisms i

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believe uh i don't know if the chart

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showed it or not but the model organisms

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that

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experiments on the upcoming increment

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uh bacteria and fungi

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and plants

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and there you see the mice but also

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fruit flies and fish

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in the case of plants we have four

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experiments and the most common

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model plant among the

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the whole

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kingdom plant kingdom one of the most

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common research model organisms is fail

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fail crests or sometimes mouse ear

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crests

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the linnaeus name is arabidopsis

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thelania

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it's a very common small flowering plant

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and and we know the entire genome of

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this plant and it's widely used

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uh in research by researchers throughout

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the world

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now in this case obviously those

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biological processes are not as mappable

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into a human as they are from the mice

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and the fish and so forth but in the

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case of plants we want to better

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understand the molecular pathways and

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signal transduction so that we can

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optimize biomass production both in

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space flight and on earth for better

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feeding the world's population

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so

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it turns out that there is a new thrust

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in nasa it's the leading approach to

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make the genetic and molecular

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pathway type of information

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that we're discovering on

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space flight of these model organisms

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widely available in a public open source

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platform this program is known as gene

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lab and one of the plant experiments

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flown by

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researchers

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centered at kennedy space center in

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florida is known as biological research

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in canisters brick 19. simon gilroy is

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the pi for that experiment

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and that will be the first experiment in

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the gene lab family

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where we will make open all the results

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of at the genetic and molecular level of

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how the plant

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adapts to uh space flight in the case of

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plants in space they don't have to

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support their own weight

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so

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they're like in gravity

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correct

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uh so there isn't the signaling the

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mechanical signaling there's no

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mechanical loading

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the plant doesn't have to hold itself up

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against gravity so there's real time

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signaling that goes on in the plant

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cells that cause the plant cells to be

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stronger when they do have to support

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their own gravity when they don't have

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to support their own gravity

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cellular changes happen it chemistry

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changes within the cell happens and

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understanding those chemical changes may

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help scientists to

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genetically engineer plants on earth

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as well as for space travel that will

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result in

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better biomass production for the

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earth's population and for space

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travelers and i think you told me that

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this is kind of part of that new

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approach that we mentioned at the

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beginning how is this how is this new

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and different for us well um

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unlike earlier biological research

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that was flown on the shuttle or even

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earlier space

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vehicles by nasa

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that data was available to a small

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number of researchers that were that got

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the grant and were funded by nasa or the

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nasa researchers themselves

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the new platform the gene lab program

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uh will

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build an infrastructure for

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collecting organizing and disseminating

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this data in an open source way to any

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any researcher or student in in the

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world that wants to access it you know

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we have models for this for example in

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the seti the search for extraterrestrial

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intelligence anyone can

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look for

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data among the seti

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receiving signals that we receive from

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deep space from the wide array of radio

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telescopes that we have and so forth to

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try to detect signals from outer space

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there's also models of this um in uh in

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other forms of genetic and protein

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folding where people could you know i

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remember a decade or so ago it was

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popular for computer enthusiasts to

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share their computers and look for

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patterns among proteins and

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and genomic data

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so

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this gene lab is kind of taking that

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concept

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to heart and but in this case the the

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central data that's going to be made

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available is data from the iss

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experiments for various model organisms

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so you know as a scientist yourself

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putting putting yourself in the place of

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the people who aren't already connected

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to space station research somehow what

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what is there to be excited about about

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that well this data will slowly

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accumulate starting with this brick 19

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experiment and then be available for

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researchers who might have slightly

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different

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hypothesis to investigate you know the

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the particular uh investigator in the

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brick 19 experiment has a particular

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very dedicated hypothesis to uh to test

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for

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novel

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hypothesis that no one else has thought

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of yet a student a graduate student may

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think of that or may develop a thesis

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out of that and the data is available to

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him

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he he or even research companies don't

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have to spend a lot of money to go

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obtain the data it's already there for

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them so there's really no telling what

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might come out of it well it is very

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exciting in that sense and i know that

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at nasa headquarters

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it is a very it is the leading program

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among all the biological experiments

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it's it's really a new research model

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it's not focused on a single experiment

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or a single piece of hardware it's a

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whole family of investigations and then

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all the data from all of those model

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organism investigations is made

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available to the public that sounds

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really exciting so we will look forward

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to i guess seeing some of the

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experiments in real time as they take

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place on the space station and then uh

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hopefully hearing more from scientists

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who have ideas about how to use it and

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i'm sure we'll be hearing more from you

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over the course of the next couple of

289
00:10:36,630 --> 00:10:34,800
expeditions as well to come back as

290
00:10:38,870 --> 00:10:36,640
often as you'll have me all right thanks